Botulinum Toxin

Botulinum toxin is derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum in laboratory conditions. It has been used for cosmetic purposes in facial aesthetics since 1981 and was approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for cosmetic use in 1989. Its mechanism of action involves blocking mediators released from nerve endings, temporarily halting nerve transmission.

In ophthalmology, Botulinum toxin  is used clinically and cosmetically for:

• Blepharospasm (involuntary eyelid spasms)
• Hemifacial spasms (involuntary facial muscle spasms)
• Strabismus (misalignment of the eyes)
• Eyelid retraction
• Spastic entropion
• Lacrimal hypersecretion (excessive tearing)
• Protective ptosis
• Periorbital wrinkles (crow's feet)
• Forehead wrinkles
• Glabellar wrinkles (lines between the eyebrows)
• Eyebrow lifting and shaping

Botulinum toxin  is administered via microinjections. The procedure typically takes about 10 minutes, and its effects begin to appear within 3-15 days. The efficacy of the treatment can last from 4 to 6 months and may extend with repeated applications. It does not cause discomfort or pain. Massage should not be applied to the injected area. Patients can resume their daily activities immediately after the procedure. Rarely, temporary redness and bruising may occur.